India`s INDC has been confirmed by experts. “Lavanya Rajamani, a professor at the Centre for Policy Research, said india`s presentation of its INDC was an important step on the road to Paris. India must now invest its negotiating capital in resolving issues related to the legal nature, transparency and revision of national contributions, on which the effectiveness of the 2015 agreement will depend. In accordance with the Paris Agreement adopted in December 2015, INDC will be the first national contribution (CNN) when a country ratifies the agreement, unless it decides to present a new CNN at the same time. Once the Paris Agreement is ratified, the NDCD will be the UNFCCC`s first greenhouse gas target, which will apply to both developed and developing countries. [3] On August 3, 2016, China and the United States ratified the agreement. Together, they account for 38% of total global emissions, with China alone emitting 20%. [4] India, which accounts for 4.1% of emissions, ratified the Paris Agreement on 2 October 2016 by tabling the ratification instrument with the United Nations. [5] INDCs combine the top-down system of a UN climate agreement with the bottom-up system elements by which countries present their agreements within their own national circumstances, capabilities and priorities, with the aim of reducing global greenhouse gas emissions in order to keep global temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius. [3] China and the United States made a joint announcement on climate change in a major development several months before the Paris climate talks.
Countries highlighted their individual and joint initiatives in this regard. The two countries reaffirmed their determination to reach an ambitious agreement in 2015, which reflects the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and capabilities, given the diversity of national situations. It is important to note that the phrase “in light of the national situation” was included in the final text of the Lima Summit, which does not leave much of a difference between developed and developing countries, as the emphasis is on current emissions trends and not on historical emissions. The announcement between China and the United States confirms the language of differentiation of the Lima text. India has presented a balanced climate plan that, in addition to its renewable energy targets, will lead to change. These measures are also proposed in addition to an aggressive development programme. While implementation challenges remain, INDC makes it clear that India and its colleagues are working towards a strong international climate agreement. Continued coal development is an essential reserve in India`s prospects. The 1.5 degree Celsius Paris agreement means India must exit coal in the energy sector by 2040. In 2018, the National Electricity Plan (NEP) included more than 90 GW of planned coal-fired power plants, which would unnecessarily increase emissions and risk becoming failed assets.